Experimental determination of flow patterns and water holdup of low viscosity oil-water system in horizontal pipes

Fluids with different properties would exhibit different flow behaviour in any multiphase flow system at a given operating condition. Therefore, an in-depth knowledge of the operational and flow behaviour of any known fluid properties in a multiphase flow system of either liquid-liquid two-phase flow (oil and water) or gas-liquid-liquid three-phase flow (gas, oil and water) would be helpful in designing of pipelines and optimization of the production, separation, transportation and distribution systems, as may be found in oil and gas and allied petro-chemical industries. This paper presents the experimental observation of the flow patterns and water holdup for a two-phase low viscosity oil-water flow in horizontal pipes. The test fluids comprised of tap water and 2D-diesel which has a density of 832 kg/m3, viscosity of 3.24 mPa.s, surface tension of 0.030 N/m and flash point of 79°C. A total of 30 runs has been accomplished and the experimental results showed three different flow patterns identified as stratified flow (ST), stratified flow with mixing interface (ST&MI) and water-in-oil dispersed flow (), with superficial velocities of oil and water in the ranges of 0.32 - 0.87 m/s (Vos) and 0.20 - 0.90 m/s (Vws), respectively. However, analysis of water holdup in the commingled flows of the test fluids showed its dependency on the fluid flow patterns and superficial velocity of water

Cyclic voltammetric studies of pure and doped films of cobalt hydroxide in 1M potassium hydroxide

Cyclic voltammetric studies of electrosynthetically prepd. pure and doped thin films of cobalt hydroxide (on a platinum foil substrate) in 1M KOH show that Co(OH)​2 undergoes a quasi-​reversible redox reaction between a nearly quadrivalent black oxidic phase and a trivalent brown bronze-​like phase. The coulombic efficiency is 60​%. A common scheme is proposed for the electrode reactions of oxide electrodes in alk. media, namely: MII(OH)​2 .dblharw. HMIIIO2 .dblharw. MIVO2, where M = Mn, Co, Ni. The three metals execute different steps in this two-​electron redox reaction, either reversibly or qu..

Non-Intrusive Electrodynamic Characteristic Measurement for Circular Shape Electrode

Abstract—The electrostatic sensor was used in process industry because of low cost and robust designed.Three types of electrode available in particular application such as pin shape, quarter ring shape and ring shape. The paper was focused on the investigation of the pin shape structure and the characteristic of the circular shape by using different size of structure. Non-instrusive method with circular electrode will be designed and applied to the shape.The sensitivity and spatial filtering effect of sensor will be investigated by using different size of electrodes.Then, the model will be proposed and compared with experimental result

Factors and Barriers Influencing Lean Production System Adoption in Manufacturing Industries

In Lean Production System (LPS), the central idea is the implementation of lean practices will reduce different types of unnecessary wastes. However, LPS implemented without an evaluation of respective organisations may lead to failure. In this study, the purpose is to identify the major factor influencing the adoption of Lean Production System and determine the major barrier that interrupts Lean Production System adoption in the manufacturing industry. The target location in this research is the manufacturing industry in Batu Pahat, Malaysia. This was a quantitative type of study and questionnaires were used to collect the data. In this study, the respondents were from the administrative level of employees. The SPSS software was used to analyse the data. The results of this research showed that the major factor influencing LPS adoption in manufacturing industry was process and the major barrier which interrupted LPS adoption was workers’ attitude or resistance. This research provided some contributions to help the manufacturing industry, especially in production department

Review of Manufacturing Process of Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites

Lately, natural fibers have been gaining consideration in development of composites due to its biodegradability, availability and low-cost compared to synthetic fibers. Natural fibers are renewable sources, biodegradable, environmentally friendly and effortless in machinery. In this paper, the manufacturing of production for natural fiber reinforced polymer composite (NFRC) will be reviewed. These including injection molding, resin transfer molding (RTM), pultrusion, sheet molding compound (SMC) and compression molding processing technique. Injection molding and compression molding are mostly used in the industry. This is due to the machines give a good finishing surface of the products and low cos

The potential of efficient water management system in high-rise design

Water is a natural gift upon all life forms since the early civilization of mankind and Malaysia is one of the nation that is rich with water resources. Since decades ago, the development in the water sector spurs the social economic growth of this country (Mohd. Azhar, 2000). As time goes by with rapid urbanisation across Malaysia, the demand for water especially in buildings, increase to accommodate a growing population and their needs. Roodman et al. (1995) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) (Al-Tamimi, 2011) highlight that the World watch Institute estimates building consumption to be at least 40% of the world’s energy and 16% of the water used annually. However, issues like increasing wastages and mismanagement of water leads to a problem towards this resources. Hence, the first part of the paper assesses the issues faced globally and locally towards water resources and the principles of water quality cascade in relation to sustainable water management in buildings. The next part are collective reviews of two selected case studies that include sustainable water management in the respective building design approach. The significant of this paper is to encourage the mind set of designers to contemplate and develop a more efficient water management system in high-rise buildings design as well as the importance for regulatory authorities and consultants to integrate the principles of sustainable water management onto development governing

Robust Control Strategy for Pneumatic Drive System via Enhanced Nonlinear PID Controller

This paper presents the pneumatic positioning system controlled by Enhanced Nonlinear PID (NPID) controller. The characteristic of rate variation of the nonlinear gain that are readily available in NPID controller is utilized to improve the performance of the controller. A Self-regulation Nonlinear Function (SNF) is used to reprocess the error signals with the purpose of continuously generating the values for the rate variation. Subsequently, the controller has successfully been implemented on dynamically changing loads and pressures. The comparison with the other available method such as. NPID and conventional PID are performed and evaluated.  The effectiveness of this method with Dead Zone Compensator (DZC) has also been successfully demonstrated and proven through simulations and experimental studies.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v4i5.685

Comparative Study of Product Quality Perception between Malaysian and Non-Malaysian Electrical Appliance among Tertiary Students

The high quality of a product is much demanded by consumers today. However, it is difficult to understand the perceptions of consumers towards product quality. Thus, this study intends to identify the relationships between brand and nine product quality dimensions as well as to compare the difference in quality perception between Malaysian and Non-Malaysian electrical appliances amongst Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia students. This is a quantitative study. Nine research hypotheses were examined while considering the nine dimensions of product quality (performance, features, conformance, durability, reliability, serviceability, aesthetics, perceived quality, and environmentally friendly) which were believed to affect the consumers' perceptions of product quality. In this study, the respondents were students from the Faculty of Technology Management and Business, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia. The data were analysed by using SPSS software. The result reveals that only two quality dimensions, i.e. feature and serviceability were significantly correlated with the brand. Besides that, four quality dimensions, i.e. performance, features, aesthetics, and perceived quality had a significant difference in quality perceptions between Malaysian and Non-Malaysian electrical appliances. The result of this study will help to provide guidance and information for future research in the field of electronics

Organic Additive-Mediated Synthesis of Novel Cobalt(II) Hydroxides

Electrochemical precipitation of cobalt(II) hydroxide from nitrate solutions containing organic molecules, such as glucose, fructose, lactose, glycerol, and citric acid, yields a new modification of cobalt(II) hydroxide (a = 3.09 ± 0.03 à , c = 23.34 ± 0.36 à ) that is isostructural with α-nickel hydroxide; precipitation in the absence of organic additives gives the stable, brucite-like, βCo(OH)2. © 1995 Academic Press. All rights reserved